Volume 3 (1946–1951) begins with an introduction by the Italian analysts Vincenzo Bonaminio and Paolo Fabozzi and covers the difficult post-war situation in England and the foundation of the National Health Service. The volume includes papers on juvenile delinquency; critical interventions in debates on the physical treatment of mental disorder, in particular leucotomy and electroconvulsive therapy; and a selection of letters to colleagues, notable among which are those regarding Melanie Klein and the Kleinians within the British Society, and a series of letters to Roger Money-Kyrle on the possible inclusion of an article by him in the volume celebrating Klein’s 70th birthday. Volume 3 contains several important theoretical contributions to psychoanalysis that develop further his accounts of infantile development, mother–child relations and the effects of maternal depression, and aggression, and it sees the publication of the first spoken version of his most famous paper, ‘Transitional Objects and Transitional Phenomena’ [CW 3:6:6].